Effective teaching methods are student-centered. One of the most commonly-known frameworks for mapping out different levels of learning is Bloom's Taxonomy of learning in the cognitive domain, first published by Benjamin Bloom (and others) in 1956.
This taxonomy was revised by Anderson & Krathwohl in 2001 and is the currently-accepted framework for understanding human cognition. The Internet is full of the original version, so to be certain you are using the most revised taxonomy, check to see that the uppermost level is "create" rather than "evaluate".
Use this taxonomy to structure the questions and assignments that you utilize with your students. View sample questions stems for each level (pdf).
Adapted from Krathwohl, D. (2002). A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy: An Overview. Theory Into Practice, Vol. 41, Issue 4, p.212-215.